AISI M2: General-Purpose High-Speed Steel for Cutting Tools
ASTM A600 · Published: 2026-06-03 · Updated: July 2026
AISI M2 is the most widely used high-speed steel — accounting for over 60% of HSS production. Its tungsten-molybdenum-vanadium carbide composition provides cutting edge retention to 540°C, enabling drilling, milling, and turning at speeds 3-5×...
AISI M2 is the most widely used high-speed steel — accounting for over 60% of HSS production. Its tungsten-molybdenum-vanadium carbide composition provides cutting edge retention to 540°C, enabling drilling, milling, and turning at speeds 3-5× higher than carbon tool steels. It is the standard material for drill bits, end mills, taps, and broaches.
Quick Facts
| Category | Tool Steel |
| Standard | ASTM A600 |
| Density | 8.16 g/cm³ |
| Yield Strength | N/A (brittle at cutting hardness) |
| Tensile Strength | 2,000-2,500 MPa |
Global Equivalents & Cross-Reference
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Frequently Asked Questions
How does M2 compare to carbide for cutting tools?
Carbide (WC-Co) has 2-3× the hardness and wear resistance of M2 but is far more brittle and cannot be used in interrupted cuts without chipping. M2 is tougher, more forgiving, and significantly cheaper. The general rule: use carbide for high-volume production turning and milling; use M2 for general-purpose drills, taps, reamers, and interrupted cuts.
References & International Standards
- ASTM International. Standard Specifications for Steel & Metal Alloys. astm.org
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Metallic Materials — Cross-Reference Database. iso.org
- American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). Steel Grade Designations & Equivalents. steel.org
- European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN Steel Standards & Numbering System. cencenelec.eu