AISI D2 Cold Work Tool Steel: High-Carbon High-Chromium
ASTM A681 · Updated: 2026-05-25
AISI D2 is a high-carbon high-chromium cold work tool steel (1.40-1.60% C, 11.0-13.0% Cr) providing excellent wear resistance from massive primary chromium carbides combined with good toughness for a high-carbon grade. Air-hardens from 1,010-1,040°C with minimal distortion due to its high hardenability—hence the 'D' designation (die steel, air hardening). Used for blanking and forming dies, shear blades, thread rolling dies, and cold extrusion punches. The high chromium content also provides moderate corrosion resistance compared to oil-hardening grades like O1. Achieves 58-62 HRC after tempering at 150-540°C depending on desired hardness-toughness balance.
Quick Facts
| Category | Tool Steel |
| Standard | ASTM A681 |
| Density | 7.70 g/cm³ |
| Yield Strength | 1,530 MPa (222 ksi) at 58-60 HRC |
| Tensile Strength | 1,720 MPa (249 ksi) at 58-60 HRC |
Global Equivalents & Cross-Reference
| Alternative Standard / Grade | Action |
|---|---|
| EN X153CrMoV12 | Compare |
| DIN 1.2379 | Compare |
| SKD11 | Compare |
| Cr12MoV | Compare |
| JIS SKD11 | Compare |
Related Materials
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Frequently Asked Questions
How does D2 compare to A2 for cold work tooling?
D2 offers superior wear resistance (from 12% Cr massive carbides) for high-production stamping and blanking where tool life between regrinds is the primary cost driver. A2 (5% Cr) provides better toughness and dimensional stability for complex tools where chipping, rather than wear, is the failure mode. D2 is also slightly more corrosion-resistant. Both are air-hardening.