Cast Iron Materials

Cast irons contain 2.0–4.5% carbon and 1–3% silicon, with carbon present as graphite rather than iron carbide. The graphite morphology defines the family: flake graphite (gray iron, ASTM A48) for vibration damping and thermal conductivity; spheroidal graphite (ductile iron, ASTM A536) for toughness approaching steel at lower cost; compacted graphite (CGI) for diesel engine blocks; and austempered ductile iron (ADI) for strength rivaling forged alloy steel. Cast irons cannot be welded in practice due to brittle martensite formation in the HAZ.

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