What is Diabetes?
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic high blood sugar levels. It primarily results from the body’s inability to produce enough insulin or to use insulin effectively.
Main Types
Diabetes is mainly categorized into:
Type 1 Diabetes: Often an autoimmune condition where the body fails to produce sufficient insulin.
Type 2 Diabetes: The most common type, involving insulin resistance and progressive insulin deficiency.
Gestational Diabetes: Glucose intolerance that is first recognized during pregnancy.
Other Specific Types: Caused by specific genetic conditions, diseases, or medications.
Common Symptoms
The classic symptoms of diabetes are often summarized as:
Frequent urination
Increased thirst
Increased hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Some individuals may also experience blurry vision, slow-healing sores, or fatigue.
Causes & Risk Factors
The exact cause of diabetes is complex, involving a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Key risk factors include family history, obesity, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and advancing age.
Potential Complications
Poor long-term blood sugar control can lead to various serious complications, affecting:
Eyes: Diabetic retinopathy, potentially leading to blindness.
Kidneys: Diabetic nephropathy, which may result in kidney failure.
Nerves: Neuropathy, causing numbness or pain in the extremities.
Heart & Blood Vessels: Increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
Feet: Poor blood flow and nerve damage can lead to serious infections.
Management & Prevention
Diabetes is a chronic condition that requires lifelong management. Key strategies include:
Regular blood sugar monitoring.
Adhering to a healthy and balanced diet.
Engaging in regular physical activity.
Following a professional healthcare plan.
Attending regular screenings for complications.
Disclaimer
This content is for informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health providers with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
